Perovskite technology is rapidly evolving, transitioning from the 'demonstration era' to a more commercial market application. This shift is driven by the industry's focus on manufacturability and cost reduction, as opposed to solely demonstrating efficiency and stability. The use of tin oxide as an ETL in perovskite solar cells is gaining traction due to its cost-effectiveness and durability, particularly in larger module sizes. This is a significant development, as larger modules are being built to capture more sunlight, but they are prone to cracking and fragility. Sofab Inks, a US-based company, is leading the way with its tin oxide ETL, which has demonstrated a 25.5% conversion efficiency in laboratory testing and 23% efficiency at a 900cm square module area. The company's focus on cost reduction and durability is a strategic move, as it aims to outcompete C60 materials, which are complex and expensive. The tin oxide ETL is versatile, with potential applications in building-integrated PV, transport-integrated PV, and Internet of Things devices. However, the industry faces challenges in deploying perovskites across various use cases, requiring expertise in new, specialist industries and a well-established business case. Sofab Inks' tin oxide ETL is 'agnostic' across different architectures, providing a hedge against operational and financial complexities. The company's US-based location also mitigates supply chain risks, as the tin precursor used in the ETL is earth-abundant and highly recyclable. Looking ahead, Sofab Inks is scaling up its operations, aiming to expand its reach and manufacturing process. The perovskite space is expected to be diverse, with no single dominant technology, and perovskites are likely to complement crystalline silicon in industrial-scale solar applications.
